Job analysis is the systematic process of gathering, documenting, and analyzing information about a job's duties, responsibilities, necessary skills, outcomes, and work environment. It involves examining tasks, identifying the qualifications required, and determining the job's importance within the organization. This information is crucial for creating job descriptions, developing training programs, setting performance standards, and ensuring fair compensation. Effective job analysis helps align roles with organizational goals, enhances recruitment and selection, and improves overall workforce management.